INDEX 1. Power Supply 2. MIDI-Interface 3. Connection of External Sustain-Pedal 4. Controls 5. Operation of the Keyboard 5.1 Switching the Keyboard ON 5.2 Menu Structure 5.3 Description of Menus 5.3.1 PRESET 5.3.2 PROGRAM CHANGE/REALTIME 5.3.3 SPLIT 5.3.4 CHANNEL 5.3.5 TRANSPOSE 5.3.6 DYNAMIC 5.3.7 CONTROLLERS 5.3.8 PANIC APPENDIX A: Information about the 16 factory presets APPENDIX B: Information about the velocity response curves APPENDIX C: Graphic representation of the function-keys on the LMK1V2 1. POWER SUPPLY The LMK1V2 does not have a built-in power supply. Instead it uses a plug-in type external power supply (AC adapter). The primary reason for this feature is the fact that line voltages and plug types vary considerably from country to country. Using a plug-in external supply the LMK1V2 can be used any where with a locally purchased power supply, thus keeping the retail price down. The power supply must be able to deliver 7-12 VDC unstabilized, as well as a minimum of 300mA. The LMK1V2 is switched ON by plugging the AC adapter into a wall outlet and con- necting it to the appropriate jack on the back of the keyboard case. There is no separate ON/OFF switch. If the polarity of the power supply is incorrect, the LMK1V2 will not function. However, there is no danger of damage to the circuitry since it is protected by a diode. The power supply is NOT included with the LMK1V2 and must be purchased locally by the user. Note: LMK1V2 keyboards sold in the USA do include an AC adapter. 2. MIDI-INTERFACE Connect one of the two MIDI-OUT jacks on the LMK1V2 with MIDI-IN of the device to be controlled (i.e. Expander, Sequencer, Synthesizer, etc.) via a suitable MIDI-cable. Both MIDI-OUTs are sending the same MIDI-signal. 3. CONNECTION OF EXTERNAL SUSTAIN PEDAL Located on the rear of the keyboard case is a jack for connecting a footswitch (normally closed). The footswitch has a sustain-pedal function if its controller is activated in the keyboard zone in question. Do not connect the footswitch unless the LMK1V2 is switched OFF. The footswitch is not included with the LMK1V2 and has to be ordered separately. The keyboard will work without the footswitch, although the sustain-function will not be available to the user in that case. 4. CONTROLS The LMK1V2 features the following controls and displays: 3-digit LED display 8 MENU-buttons in 2 rows of 4 buttons each 8 LEDs (serving as indicators for the MENU-buttons) 1 Wheel(Spring-loaded, but can be ordered without spring if desired) 5. OPERATION OF THE KEYBOARD 5.1 SWITCHING THE KEYBOARD ON When the keyboard is switched ON a message regarding the software version will appear for several seconds on the display (for example "100") and the LEDs will flicker for several seconds. After that the keyboard will go into PLAY-mode and automatically call up PRESET No.1 (see below for details). PLAY-mode is indicated by the letters "PLA" on the display. 5.2 MENU STRUCTURE There are 8 menus available which are selected by means of the 8 MENU-buttons. A menu is selected by pressing the corresponding MENU-button. The LEDs above the MENU-buttons indicate which menu is active at any given time. Menus are exited simply by pressing a different MENU-button. Some menus are exited by pressing the same MENU-button a second time or by pressing one of the keys on the keyboard. If none of the LEDs is illuminated the keyboard is in PLAY-mode. PLAY-mode is always indicated by the absence of illuminated LEDs and the letters "PLA" on the display. In some menus both the controls and certain keys on the key- board are utilized to set certain parameters. The following menus correspond to the MENU-buttons (from left to right): Upper rowLower row 1.PRESET5.TRANSPOSE 2.PROGRAM CHANGE/REALTIME6.DYNAMIC 3.SPLIT7.CONTROLLERS 4.CHANNEL8.PANIC In the next few paragraphs the function of each menu is briefly discussed. A detailed description of each menu can be found in the next section after that. 1: PRESET The LMK1V2 has 16 fixed presets which can be called up by the user as a basis for his/her keyboard settings. Each preset contains data about all 4 keyboard zones and their corresponding keyboard ranges, MIDI-channel, transpositions, allocation and activation of controllers and the velocity-response curve. The presets are fixed and cannot be altered by the user. The PRESET-menu serves to select these factory presets. 2: PROGRAM CHANGE/REAL TIME This menu, in conjunction with the keys of the keyboard, is used to send MIDI-program change instructions to the devices connected to the LMK1V2. Also, in this menu the realtime MIDI-instructions START, STOP and CONTINUE can be sent. Some of the keyboard keys are used for this purpose. 3: SPLIT The LMK1V2 can transmit on up to 4 MIDI-channels simultaneously. Each MIDI-channel is assigned a part of the keyboard, a so-called keyboard zone or splitrange. Overlaps between the zones are possible (i.e. some keys are used by more than one zone). The SPLIT-menu is used to define the keyboard zones, i.e. the lowest/highest key for each of the 4 zones. 4: CHANNEL In this menu the MIDI-channels for the 4 keyboard zones are set. 5: TRANSPOSE In this menu the transpositions of the 4 keyboard zones are set. 6: DYNAMIC In this menu the velocity-response curves for the 4 keyboard zones are set. 7: CONTROLLER In this menu the status of the wheel (Active/Inactive) is determined for each keyboard zone, as well as the func- tion of the wheel in those zones where it is active (i.e. Pitch-bend, Volume, Modulation, Aftertouch, etc.). In addition, the status of the sustain pedal (Active/Inactive) is determined for each keyboard zone. 8: PANIC This menu provides a PANIC-button which can be used in any operational mode. 5.3 DESCRIPTION OF MENUS The following rules apply to all menus and will not be mentioned in each individual menu description: 1. A menu is activated by pressing the corresponding MENU-button. The active menu is indicated by an illuminated LED. 2. In some cases, menus are deactivated automatically once certain parameters have been set. The keyboard will then go into PLAY-mode. Other menus can be exited only by pressing another MENU-button. (This method of leav- ing a menu will work with all menus) 3. Repeated pressing of the same MENU-button will cause a switch to a different keyboard zone (except for the PRESET- and PANIC-buttons !). In order to go into the next higher keyboard zone, the button for the presently active menu is pressed again. This is continued until the desired keyboard zone has been reached. The process is circular, i.e. after zone 4 one jumps back to zone 1 and starts over again. 4. Some functions cause a sequence of letters and/or numbers to appear on the display prior to it indicating PLAY-mode with "PLA". However, the keyboard will already be in PLAY-mode and the user can play on the keys. The time-delay for the display change was chosen in order for the user to be able to read the parameter which has been set. If the display were to change immediately, the parameter would only appear for a fraction of a sec- ond and would thus be impossible to read. 5. In order to set the various parameters, both the controls and keys on the keyboard are being utilized. A graphic representation of the functions of the keyboard keys is provided below. The white keys of the lowest octave (C-C) have the following functions: BANK 1-4 (C,D,E,F) START (G) STOP (A) CONTINUE (H) The NUMBER-keys which are needed to enter numbers (Program-number, MIDI-channel, Velocity-response curve, Controller-code-number) start with C in the next higher octave (i.e. C=1, Cis=2, D=3, Dis=4, etc.). 5.3.1 PRESET (1) / Leftmost button in the upper row The LED display shows the number of the currently selected preset, although this may already have been changed. The menu serves to display the presently selected preset and to call-up one of the 16 factory presets. A preset is the sum of all information defining a keyboard configuration. All data about the 4 keyboard zones and their associated split-parameters (Upper/lower key, MIDI-channel, Transposition, Velocity-response curve, alloca- tion and activation of controllers). A preset is called up by pressing one of the keyboard keys which have been assigned the numbers 1 through 16. The new preset number will appear on the display for several seconds and the keyboard goes into PLAY-mode. Information about the keyboard configurations contained in the 16 factory presets can be found in Appendix B. 5.3.2 PROGRAM CHANGE / REALTIME (2)/2nd button in the upper row The number of the selected keyboard zone (important for the MIDI- channel on which the program change instruction will be sent) is shown on the left of the LED display, the number of the presently selected bank on the right. The menu serves to send program change and real time instructions to the devices connected to the LMK1V2. Sending a program change instruction: The programs are organized into 4 banks of 32 programs each. Bank 1 corresponds to programs 1-32, bank 2 to programs 33-64, bank 3 to programs 65-96 and bank 4 to programs 97-128. Banks are selected with the first four keys of the lowest octave of the keyboard. When switching banks the bank-number is shown on the display. However, no program change instruction is sent until one of the keys corresponding to the numbers 1-32 on the keyboard has been pressed. The program-number sent will appear on the display for several seconds, then the keyboard will go into PLAY-mode. The program-number will be sent on the MIDI-channel which has been assigned to the currently selected keyboard zone. Sending a realtime instruction: The upper three keys (adjacent to the bank-keys) of the lowest octave are assigned to the real time instructions START (G), STOP (A), and CONTINUE (H). If one of these three keys is pressed the corresponding realtime in- struction is sent. The appropriate message will appear on the display for several seconds ("StP", "StA", "CON"), then the keyboard goes into PLAY-mode. 5.3.3 SPLIT (3) / Third button in the upper row The display will show the number of the currently selected keyboard zone, followed by "LO". This menu serves to define the keyboard zones. The message "LO" is meant to prompt the user to press the lowest key for this key- board zone. Once a key has been pressed the display will show "HI", meaning that the user should now press the highest key for the keyboard zone. Once this has been accomplished the keyboard will return to PLAY-mode. 5.3.4 CHANNEL (4) / Fourth button in the upper row The number of the currently selected keyboard zone is shown on the left side of the display, the corresponding MI- DI-channel number is displayed on the right side. This menu serves to set the MIDI-channels for the 4 keyboard zones. In order to set the MIDI-channel one must press one of the keyboard keys which have been assigned the num- bers 1 through 16 (starting with C of the second octave). After the MIDI-channel has been entered the keyboard will return to PLAY-mode. 5.3.5 TRANSPOSE (5) / Leftmost button in the lower row The number of the currently selected keyboard zone is shown on the left of the display, followed by "FI". The menu serves to define the transpositions of the 4 keyboard zones. "FI" stands for "First" and prompts the user to enter the first key (= reference key) for the transposition. After pressing the desired key the display changes to "SE", prompting the user to press the second key needed for calculation of the transposition. For example, in order to achieve an upward transposition of one octave, one must press any key and then press the same key one octave higher. In order to achieve a downward transposition of a half-note one must press any key followed by the next lower key. In order to cancel a transposition one must press the same key twice. Please note that each transposition is calcu- lated from scratch, there are no additive effects from or references to earlier transpositions. Otherwise it would become quite difficult to remember what sort of transposition is actually in effect after several have been made. After the desired pair of values for the keyboard zone in question have been entered the keyboard goes into PLAY-mode. 5.3.6 DYNAMIC (6) / Second button in the lower row The number of the currently selected keyboard zone is shown on the left side of the display, the corresponding ve- locity-response curve (1...8) on the right. The menu serves to assign velocity-response curves to the 4 keyboard zones. Information on the use of the velocity-response curves can be found in Appendix B. The curves permit the user to adjust his/her personal keyboard touch to the electronic response of the keyboard, as well as the implementation of key pressure-controlled blend-over effects ("Crossfade"). In order to assign the desired velocity-response curve to a keyboard zone one must press one of the keys on the keyboard which have been assigned the numbers 1 - 8 (starting with C of the second octave). Afterwards the key- board will go into PLAY-mode. 5.3.7 CONTROLLER (7) / Third button in the lower row The number of the currently selected keyboard zone is shown on the left side of the display, the corresponding controller-number appears on the right side. The menu serves to assign and activate the function of the wheel and the footswitch. In order to adjust the controller-number one must press one of the keys on the keyboard which have been as- signed the numbers 1 - 16 (starting with C of the second octave). The meanings of the 16 controller-numbers are as follows: Wheel functionCodenumberCodenumber Sustain InactiveSustain Active None19 Pitch bend210 Modulation311 Breadth Controller412 Portamento Time513 Aftertouch614 Volume715 Panorama816 If, for example, neither the wheel nor the sustain-footswitch are to be active, then number 1 must be selected. If the wheel is to have pitch bend function and the sustain pedal is to be active, then number 10 must be selected. All other useful controller configurations can be accessed via the other codenumbers. If the wheel is to be used primarily for pitch bend, then we recommend the spring-loaded version. Otherwise the non-self-returning version is recommended. Converting from one version to another does not pose any problems, since the only difference is the presence of a spring which can be easily removed. 5.3.8 PANIC (8) / Fourth button in the lower row This is a panic button which can be used in any operational mode, rather than an actual menu. When this button is pressed an "All Notes Off"-instruction is sent on all 16 MIDI-channels. The function is used primarily in the event of "stuck notes" in order to switch off all sound generating devices. Please note that the devices connected to the LMK1V2 must be able to recognize the "All Notes Off"-instruction. Appendix A: Information about the 16 Factor Presets (L/H = Lowest/Highest key, C = Channel, T = Transpose, D = Dynamic table , C = Controller code) ------ Zone 1 -------------- Zone 2 --------------Zone 3 ------- ------ Zone 4 -------Comment PresetL H C T D CL H C T D CL H C T D CL H C T D C 121 108 1 0 2 9------------------------------------------ ---------------------1 Zone Ch 1, Sus 221 108 2 0 2 10------------------------------------------ ---------------------1 Zone Ch 2, Pit+Sus 321 108 3 0 2 10------------------------------------------ ---------------------1 Zone Ch 3, Pit+Sus 421 108 4 0 2 10------------------------------------------ ---------------------1 Zone Ch 16, Pit+Sus 521 59 1 0 2 1060 108 2 0 2 10--------------------- ---------------------Double Split, Ch 1/2, Pit+Sus 621 47 1 0 2 1048 71 2 0 2 10 72 108 3 0 2 10---------------------Triple Split, Ch 1/2/3, Pit+Sus 721 35 1 0 2 1036 59 2 0 2 1060 83 3 0 2 10 84 108 4 0 2 10Quad Split, Ch 1/2/3/4, Pit+Sus 821 108 1 0 2 1021 108 2 0 2 1021 108 3 0 2 1021 108 4 0 2 104 times whole keyboard, Ch 1+2+3+4, Pit+Sus 921 47 1 0 2 948 108 2 0 2 2------------------------------------------Double Split, l: Sus/Ch 1, r: Pit/Ch 2 1021 47 1 0 2 948 108 2 0 2 3------------------------------------------Double Split, l: Sus/Ch 1, r: Mod/Ch 2 1121 47 1 0 2 948 108 2 0 2 7------------------------------------------Double Split, l: Sus/Ch 1, r: Vol/Ch 2 1221 108 1 0 2 921 108 2 0 2 15------------------------------------------2 times whole keyb., l: Sus/Ch 1, r:Sus+Vol/Ch 2 1321 59 1 0 2 960 108 2 0 2 921 59 3 0 2 1560 108 4 0 2 15Double Split twice, Ch 1/2/3/4, Vol2/4, Sus 1421 59 1 0 2 960 108 2 0 8 2------------------------------------------Double Split, l: Sus, r: no dynamics/Pit 1521 59 14 0 2 148 83 15 0 2 960 108 16 0 2 2---------------------Triple Split overlap, Ch 14/15/16, m: Sus, r: Pit 1621 108 1 0 2 1121 108 2 0 7 1------------------------------------------Dynamic Overblend Ch 1/2, Sus+Mod Zone 1 Abbreviations: Ch = Channel, l = left, m = middle, r = right, Sus = Sustain, Pit = Pitch Bend, Mod = Modulation, Vol = Volume Appendix B: Information about the velocity-response curves When defining the parameters of the keyboard zones, one can select among 8 velocity-response curves. In the following paragraph the reasons for this feature shall be discussed briefly. The special MIDI-chip (E510) used to poll the key-contacts uses the time difference required by the switch-con- tact to derive the velocity response (or dynamics-value). The relationship between measured time difference and velocity is one of inverse proportion, i.e.doubling the time causes the velocity-response to be halved. However, this is not the response one is used to from a piano. Thus the option of adjusting the keyboard's velocity-response via response curves was created. In the case of a non-adjusted velocity-response (Curve 1) most people feel that the high values start too early and that there is insufficient resolution in the lower range. There are three curves (Curves 2,3 and 4) which more or less compensate for this. The higher the number of the curve the more the ve- locity-response moves upward, i.e. the harder one must press the keys to obtain a given velocity-response. Curve 5 shows the exact opposite response. Here the high dynamics-values appear much earlier than in the linear curve 1. Curve 6 is an exponential curve like curves 2,3 and 4, but it features a start-response. The inverted curve 7 features decreasing velocity-response values as key-pressure increases. This seemingly il- logical feature can be used for key-pressure-controlled blend-over effects ("Crossfade"). This is done by defining two keyboard zones with equal numbers of keys and assigning a normal curve (for example No.3) to one zone and the inverse curve to the other. Then two expanders (or one expander capable of simultaneously generating differ- ent sounds on two different channels) are run via two different channels from these two keyboard zones. Depend- ing on how hard the keys are pressed one expander will now become louder while the other expander will simulta- neously become more quiet. If curve 8 is selected, the same dynamics-value (64) is sent constantly, regardless of actual key pressure. This curve would be used for non-dynamic sounds such as that of an organ. Velocity-response is to some extent also dependant upon the expander being used. There are significant differences in the characteristics of different expanders. Some expanders also include various velocity-response curves of their own. The 8 curves included with the LMK1V2 generally permit sufficiently good adjustment of the velocity-response characteristics.