INDEX 1.Operation (Hardware) 1.1Power Supply 1.2MIDI-Interface 1.3Adjustment of LC-Display 1.4Connection of External Controllers and Footswitches 1.5Controls 2.Operation (Software) 2.1Switching the keyboard ON 2.2Menu Structure 2.3Description of Menus 2.3.1Preset 2.3.2Program Change 2.3.3Real Time/Master Channel 2.3.4Split 2.3.5Controller Assign/Activate 2.3.6User-defined Controllers 2.3.7Parameters/Name 2.3.8Panic Appendix A: Technical Data LMK3 Appendix B: Pin assignment of power jacks Appendix C: Velocity response and aftertouch curves Tables Appendix D: System Exclusive Specifications Appendix E: LMK3 Data Sheet Appendix F: Quick Reference Table of Functions (Cover) 1. OPERATION (Hardware) 1.1 Power Supply The LMK3 keyboard does not have a built-in power supply. Instead it uses a plug-in type external power supply (AC Adapter). The primary reason for this feature is the fact that line voltages vary considerably from country to country. With a plug-in supply the keyboard can be used anywhere with a locally purchased power supply, thus keeping the retail price down. The power supply must be able to deliver 7-12V DC unstabilized, as well as a minimum of 500 mA. The LMK 3 is switched on by plugging the AC adapter into a wall outlet and connecting it to one of the 2 jacks on the back of the keyboard. One of the power jacks is an XLR-type jack, an appropriate plug for which is included. It is intended for those desiring a plug which can be secured in the jack. There is no separate ON/OFF switch. If the polarity of the power supply is incorrect, the LMK 3 will not function. However, there is no danger of damage to the circuitry since it is protected by a diode. The power supply is NOT included with the LMK3 and must be purchased locally by the user. Note: LMK3 keyboards sold in the USA do include an AC adapter. Once the power supply has been plugged in a message should appear on the display ("LMK3 V3.00" or similar) and the 8 LED's should flicker. If this does not happen the power supply is either defective or does not have proper polarity/voltage/current. After that the LMK3 should go into preset-mode (see chapter 2.3.1 for details). The first LED should be illuminated. 1.2 MIDI-Interface Starting with software version 3.0 the LMK3 features a MIDI-OUT jack and a MIDI-IN jack, as opposed to the the 2 MIDI-OUT jacks found on previous versions. Note: The MIDI-IN jack is suitable only for LMK3 dump. It is not a regular MIDI-IN and cannot be used to connect another MIDI transmitter (e.g. keyboard, synthesizer) to the LMK3. This input has no merging features. Connecting another keyboard to the LMK3 MIDI-IN may cause MIDI errors on the LMK3 MIDI-OUT (e.g. hanging notes, undefinded messages). The MIDI-IN should be connected only with the MIDI-OUT of a computer on which a suitable dump or editor program is running. For details see chapter 2.3.1. Connect MIDI-OUT of the LMK3 with MIDI-IN of the device to be controlled (i.e. expander, sequencer, synthesizer, etc.). If several devices are to be controlled by the LMK3 they are to be chain-linked via MIDI-THRU/IN. Alternatively one may utilize a so-called MIDI-THRU-box. 1.3 Adjustment of LC-Display The display can be adjusted by means of 2 potentiometers, one for contrast and one for background illumination. If you wish to change the factory settings insert a thin, insulated screwdriver into the holes to the left and right of the display and adjust the potentiometers to the desired settings. 1.4 Connection of External Controllers & Footswitches Located on the rear of the keyboard housing are two jacks for hooking up a double-footswitch (normally closed contacts) and a pedal (2 . . . 10K-Ohm potentiometer). Allocation of these controllers to the various MIDI-functions is completely user-defined. The jacks are marked as to function. Do not connect footswitches and pedals unless the keyboard is switched off (i.e. unplugged). Doing so could result in loss of preset data! Neither the double-footswitch nor the pedal are included with the LMK3. They have to be ordered separately as accessories. 1.5 Controls The LMK3 features the following controls and displays: - Illuminated display with two rows of 16 characters each - 24 buttons in three rows of 8 buttons each Upper row: MENU-buttons Middle row: BANK-buttons Lower row: NUMBER-buttons - 8 LED's (serving as indicators for the MENU-buttons) - 2 Wheels (one spring-loaded) - 2 Sliders - 1 Potentiometer (Data-entry dial) The two wheels, the sliders and the data-entry dial can be used for any MIDI-function desired by the user. The data-entry dial is primarily used for data entry purposes, for example "MIDI-Channel".2. OPERATION (Software) 2.1 Switching the Keyboard ON When the keyboard is switched ON a message regarding the software version will appear on the display for several seconds. In addition the LED's will flicker for several seconds. After that the keyboard will go into preset-mode (see below for details) and will call up the last preset selected prior to the keyboard having been switched off. NOTE: When the keyboard is activated for the very first time, the presets will contain random values since the RAM contains random data. In order to completely initialize the keyboard (i.e. to set all 64 presets to the same standard values) one must press the two right-hand MENU-buttons simultaneously for several seconds while switching the keyboard on. The message "LMK3 MES" should then appear on the display, along with the date of the software version. Use this function very cautiously while operating the LMK3! Any previously entered preset-values will be irretrievably lost! Use this function only when switching the keyboard on for the first time or if you wish to erase all presets ! During initialization the following values are entered into the preset memories: WHOLE KEYBOARD ZONE 1, ONLY ZONE 1 ACTIVE, MIDI-CHANNEL 1, NO TRANSPOSITION, DYNAMIC TABLE 1, NO CONTROLLERS ACTIVE, NO PROGRAM NUMBERS OR VOLUME NUMBERS ACTIVE, PRESET-NAME "INITPRES". 2.2 Menu Structure There are 8 menus available. They are selected via the 8 uppermost buttons. These are referred to as MENU-buttons. Pressing one will access the corresponding menu. The LED's serve as visual indicators of the menu selected. You leave a menu simply by pressing another MENU-button. The 8 MENU-buttons correspond to the following menus (from left to right): 1: PRESET 2: PROGRAM CHANGE 3: REALTIME/MASTER CHANNEL 4: SPLIT 5: CONTROLLER ASSIGN/ACTIVITY 6: USER DEFINED CONTROLLERS 7: PRESET PARAMETERS/NAME 8: PANIC When the keyboard is switched on it will always go to the PRESET-menu. In the next few paragraphs we will briefly discuss the functions of each of the 8 menus, followed by the operating procedure for each menu. 1: PRESET The LMK3 keyboard allows the storage and recalling of up to 64 complete keyboard settings, referred to as "presets". Each preset contains data about all 8 keyboard zones with their respective MIDI-channels, transpositions, allocation and activation of controllers, velocity-response curves, program numbers, volumes, preset-name, etc. The PRESET-menu is used to call up or store the presets. The detailed description of the PRESET-menu also includes information on the MIDI-DUMP-function of the LMK3. 2: PROGRAM CHANGE This menu serves to send program numbers (MIDI-program change instructions) in direct mode to select the programs of the MIDI-instruments connected to the LMK3. The program change instruction is transmitted via the MIDI-master-channel selected at the time (also refer to menu 3). Independent of this, in menu 4 each of the 8 keyboard zones can be assigned a program number which is sent on the MIDI-channel of the keyboard zone when PRESET is called up (see menu 4: SPLIT). 3: REALTIME/MASTER-CHANNEL This menu is used to directly transmit MIDI-realtime information (i.e. START, STOP, CONTINUE, CLOCK) and to select the MIDI-master-channel on which the LMK3 transmits the direct-mode program changes. 4: SPLIT The LMK3 can transmit on up to 8 MIDI-channels simultaneously. Each MIDI-channel is assigned a part of the keyboard, a so-called keyboard zone or splitrange. Overlaps of the zones are possible (i.e. some keys are used by more than one zone). The SPLIT-menu is used to define the parameters of each of the 8 keyboard zones (max.). The SPLIT-parameters are as follows: - LOWER and UPPER key - MIDI-channel - Transposition - Velocity-response curve - Aftertouch curve - Program number - Volume 5: CONTROLLER ASSIGN/ACTIVITY This menu has 2 functions: - Assignment of controllers (i.e. Sliders, Wheels, etc.) to MIDI-functions - Activation of the controllers in the keyboard zones First, each controller is assigned a particular MIDI-function (i.e. pitch bend, modulation, volume, sustain, etc.). Then the user can decide for each individual keyboard zone whether or not the respective controller is active in that keyboard zone, i.e. whether or not the corresponding data of the controller will be transmitted on the MIDI-channel of that keyboard zone. 6: USER DEFINED CONTROLLERS In this menu user-selected controllers (UD1...UD8), which can be used in menu 5, are defined. 7: PRESET PARAMETERS/NAME In this menu the following preset-parameters are defined: - Name of the preset - Preset-pointer (=Number of the next preset reached when switching presets with footswitch) - Realtime parameters of the preset (i.e. Transmission of START, STOP, CONTINUE or none of these when the preset is called up) - Activation of the velocity split function for the 8 keyboard zones, including setting the velocity threshold for switching to the next higher MIDI-channel - Scale Black Parameter (Adjustment of velocity-response of the black keys) - Manual DUMP-function (Dumps contents of Preset-memory via MIDI) - ATP-Parameter (Positive/negative pitch-bend when aftertouch-sensor has been assigned to pitch-bend-function) 8: PANIC This menu provides a PANIC-button which can be used in any operational mode. In addition, the menu also provides 16 "pseudo-panic-buttons" (for the 16 MIDI-channels) to be used in the event of one of the instruments connected to the LMK3 not recognizing the "ALL NOTES OFF"-instruction. 2.3 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF MENUS 2.3.1 Preset This menu is entered by pressing the leftmost MENU-button. Switching the keyboard ON will also activate this menu. It serves to call up and store presets. A preset is the sum of all information defining a keyboard configuration. All data about the 8 keyboard zones (UPPER/LOWER key, MIDI-channel, Transposition, Velocity table, active controllers, Program number, Volume), master-channel, tempo (=MIDI-clock), allocation of controllers, desired realtime-instructions during preset call-up, preset pointer and preset name. 64 such presets can be defined by the user and stored for call-up in the PRESET-menu. After pressing the PRESET-menu-button the following message appears on the display: PRS:XXX / PRESET-NAME B:0YY / N:00Z / >PPP The upper row lists the preset number selected (XXX=1...64) on the left, the name of the preset selected is shown on the right. The lower row indicates the bank number on the left (YY=1...8), the number within that particular bank is shown in the middle (Z=1...8) and the preset pointer is displayed on the right (PPP=1...64). The preset pointer shows the number of the preset which the LMK3 will jump to when the presets are switched via one of the footbuttons (assuming this option is being utilized). Each bank consists of 8 presets. A bank is selected via one of the 8 BANK-buttons, the number within the bank is chosen by means of one the 8 NUMBER-buttons. All 64 presets can thus be selected (8 BANK-buttons X 8 NUMBER-buttons = 64 combinations). Call-up of a Preset The two bottom rows of buttons on the LMK3 are used to call up a preset from the PRESET-menu. The upper row of buttons is used to select the bank number, the lower row to select the number within the bank. A preset is called up only if one of the 8 NUMBER-buttons has been pressed after selecting the bank with one of the 8 BANK- buttons. Using the BANK-buttons alone will not work. Following this procedure each of the 64 presets can be called up directly. Once a preset has been called up it is loaded into the work-memory. This memory always contains the preset currently active. Only the values contained in the work-memory can be modified via the other menus. In order to modify a preset it has to be called up and loaded into the work-memory, modified while residing in the work memory and then be stored again in its modified form. When a preset is called up the content of the work memory is overwritten. Similarily, when storing the content of the work-memory in one of the preset-memory locations, the old preset stored there is overwritten. Storing a Preset The data of the work-memory can be stored via the PRESET-menu. It can be placed in one of the 64 preset-memory locations by again pressing the PRESET-menu-key. The following message appears on the display: STORE MODE OK? Also, all 8 LED's will be illuminated as a warning! Next a BANK-button is pressed, followed by a NUMBER-button. The content of the work-memory is now stored into the preset- memory location thus selected. CAUTION! Any preset stored at that location will be overwritten, i.e. it will be irretrievably lost! Store presets only in locations that do not contain presets which are still needed. If any MENU-button is accidentally pressed the LED's will go off and the storage process will NOT take place. Storing/Downloading of the Preset-memory contents via MIDI (DUMP/REQUEST) In order to store or download the content of one or all presets via MIDI the LMK3 must be connected to an Atari ST (or similar MIDI-capable computer with appropriate "Dump"-software capable of requesting, storing (on hardisk or diskette) and transmitting data to and from the LMK3). MIDI-OUT of the LMK3 is connected to MIDI-IN of the computer, MIDI-OUT of the computer is connected to MIDI-IN of the LMK3. CAUTION ! During data transmission of any kind between computer and LMK3 no keys of the LMK3 may be pressed as this would result in data-transmission errors. There are three ways to store preset-data via MIDI: 1. Manual dump of all presets (TRANSMIT-DUMP) This feature is covered by a menu-item in menu 7 ("PARAMETERS"). When pressing the fourth BANK-button while in main menu 7, all stored data in the LMK3 is dumped via MIDI-OUT in accordance with the Exclusive System Specifications shown in Appendix D. MIDI-OUT of the computer and MIDI-IN of the LMK3 do not have to be connected in this case. However, the computer must be in the appropriate standby-mode in order to properly receive and store the incoming data. 2. Requesting dump of all presets via MIDI-IN (TRANSMIT-DUMP) This option requires the sending of a DUMP-request by the computer to the LMK3 via MIDI-IN. Once the LMK3 receives the request it dumps the content of the entire PRESET-memory via MIDI-OUT (again in accordance with the exclusive system specs listed in appendix D). Except for the fact that it is triggered by an external request this data-dump is identical to the manual dump described in the previous paragraph. The data format for this type of dump-request is described in appendix D under "Multi-Request". 3. Dump-request for a single preset (TRANSMIT-DUMP) Identical to item 2 except only the data for one preset is transmitted (as opposed to the content of the entire preset-memory). The data format for this type of dump-request is described in appendix D under "Single-Request". There are two options to load data from hardisk/diskette into the LMK3: 1. Downloading new data for the entire preset-memory (RECEIVE-DUMP) Note: This function will overwrite all preset-data stored in the LMK3 at the time. If the existing data hasn't been saved yet on disk/diskette, this must be done prior to using this function or loss of all old data will result. The data format for downloading data for the entire preset-memory is described in appendix D under "Multi-Dump". 2. Downloading data for a single preset (RECEIVE-DUMP) Same as item 1, except that only a single preset is being overwritten. The data format is described in appendix D under "Single-Dump". If an error is detected during the transmission ("Checksum error"), it is immediately interrupted and every second LED flashes as a visual indication of an error. By pressing any MENU-button one can return to normal operating mode. Since error checks occur after each individual preset-data transmission, at most only one preset can contain incorrect data. After each data transmission the MIDI-cables between MIDI-IN of the LMK3 and MIDI-OUT of the computer should be disconnected in order to prevent unwanted MIDI-data inputs during playing. Included with the LMK3 is a public domain program of the German publication "KEYBOARDS" which is suitable for data transmissions between the LMK3 and an Atari ST. An appropriate configuration file for the LMK3 can be found on the diskette. DO NOT request a dump until all necessary MIDI-cables have been firmly connected, otherwise you may cause the program to crash! 2.3.2 Program Change This menu is called up by pressing the second MENU-button from the left. It is used to send program-change instructions directly to the MIDI-instruments connected to the LMK3. Data transmission takes place via the MIDI-master-channel selected at the time (also refer to 2.3.3). The following message appears on the display: MIDI-PROGRAM : XXX BANK: 0Y/NR.:00Z Sending a Program-Change-Instruction The program-number (XXX) is selected via the two bottom rows of buttons. The upper row selects the memory bank, the lower row the number within the bank. Each bank contains 8 numbers. This accounts for 8 X 8 = 64 combinations = 64 programs. However, MIDI allows for 128 program-numbers. Therefore the PROGRAM-button also serves to toggle between the first 64 program -numbers (1...64) and the remaining 64 program-numbers (65...128). The bank selected (Y) appears on the bottom left of the display-message, the number within the bank (Z) on the bottom right. The resulting program- number (XXX), which takes into account the offset, appears at the top of the display. The offset is adjusted via the PROGRAM-button. Calling up a MIDI-program-number can only be accomplished by sequentially pressing the PROGRAM-button, a BANK-button and a NUMBER-button. Pressing only PROGRAM and/or BANK will not work. This way each of the 128 programs can be called up directly, without having to go through other programs in between. 2.3.3 Realtime/Master-Channel This menu is selected by pressing the third MENU-button from the left. It is used to send MIDI-realtime instructions, to select the MIDI-master-channel and it provides a PANIC-key function. The following message appears on the display: REALTIME/M_CHANNEL S/T/C/K/ / / /P The bottom line is a symbolic representation of the functions which can be activated in this menu via the BANK-buttons. The 8 letters and blank spaces correspond to the 8 BANK-buttons. A function is activated by pressing the appropriate BANK- button. The abbreviations are as follows: S= Start T= Stop C= Continue K= Clock P= Panic The first four functions are suitable for controlling sequencers and drum-machines. When pressing the keys for START, STOP or CONTINUE, the corresponding MIDI-instruction is immediately sent. If the START or CONTINUE function was selected, then the upper line of the display will show the tempo in BPM (Beats per minute). The tempo can be adjusted between 50 and 250 BPM by means of the data-entry dial. Tempo is one of the parameters of PRESET and is stored in the preset-memory. If the tempo is to be modified without first sending START or CONTINUE instructions, the CLOCK-button must be pressed (fourth button from left in the middle row). The tempo currently set will be displayed on the upper line of the display and can be changed via the data-entry dial. If the PANIC-button is pressed, "ALL NOTES OFF"-instructions are sent on all 16 MIDI-channels and all controllers are initialized. When using this "internal" panic-button one remains inside the menu. Pressing the third MENU-button once more allows the selection of the MIDI-master-channel. The lower line of the display will read: MASTER-CHAN: 0XX The MIDI-master-channel (XX) can be adjusted between 1 and 16 via the data-entry dial. The number selected will appear on the lower line of the display. The master-channel is a PRESET-parameter and is stored in the preset-memory. The MIDI-master-channel is the channel on which the program change-instructions are sent in direct mode (see chapter 2.3.2). It does not affect any other functions. The bottom row of buttons is not used in this menu (i.e. the NUMBER-buttons).2.3.4 Split This menu is selected by pressing the fourth menu-switch from left. It is used to define the split-parameters in the 8 keyboard zones. The following message appears in the display: ZONE : 00X L/U/C/T/D/A/P/V The 8 BANK-buttons are used to select one of the 8 keyboard zones. The number of the zone (X) selected will appear in the top line of the display. The lower line of the display is a symbolic representation of the functions which can be activated in this menu via the NUMBER-buttons. The 8 characters correspond to the 8 buttons. A function is activated by pressing the appropriate switch. The abbreviations are as follows: LLower key (of the keyboard zone) UUpper key (of the keyboard zone) CChannel (MIDI-channel of the keyboard zone) TTranspose (Transposition of the keyboard zone) DDynamic table (Velocity response table) AAftertouch table PProgram (Program-number for this keyboard zone) VVolume (for this keyboard zone) Once a function has been selected via the corresponding NUMBER-button it is confirmed on the display. The value currently set will be shown to the right of the function name. In order to change one of the parameters selected with the NUMBER-buttons, the data-entry dial has to be used. For example, to change the MIDI-channel of a keyboard zone one has to select the zone with one of the BANK-buttons, followed by selection of the CHANNEL-function through pressing the third NUMBER-button from left. The desired value is then set with the data-entry dial and will be shown on the bottom line of the display. The UPPER and LOWER key parameters can also be adjusted via the keyboard. After pressing a key (=lowest key) on the keyboard while in the LOWER KEY-submenu, the program will immediately jump to the UPPER KEY-submenu. After another keyboard-key is pressed (=highest key) the program jumps to the CHANNEL-submenu. Prior to using this function the data-entry dial should be set to its approximate middle position ! Failure to do so may cause the parameter values to be set to ZERO ! The TRANSPOSE-sub-menu permits entering the desired transposition by means of two keyboard-keys, as opposed to using the data-entry dial. After pressing the first key the following message appears in the lower line of the display: "TRSP.REF.:->" followed by the number (i.e. MIDI-code) of the keyboard-key just pressed. The abbreviation stands for "Transposition Reference Key". Next, the second key is pressed, the transposition then being calculated with reference to the first key that was pressed. For example, if one wishes to transpose a zone one octave higher one presses any desired key on the keyboard, followed by the same key in the next higher octave. Note: If keyboard-keys are to be used for data input (LOWER, HIGHER, TRANSPOSE) or if the keyboard zone-parameters are only to be controlled via the display alone (without change), the data-entry dial again must be brought to its middle position beforehand. If the potentiometer is turned all the way to the left then the old value of the parameter to be set may be overwritten with ZERO! In the two submenus Dynamic Table (Velocity-response curves) and Aftertouch curves the velocity-response curves and aftertouch curves are adjusted with the data-entry dial. Appendix C of this manual contains information about the 32 curves available for velocity-response, as well as for the 8 aftertouch curves. Graphical representations of these curves can also be found in appendix. In the sub-menus Program and Volume the program-number and volume of a keyboard zone are set. If the display shows the message "STORE" on the upper right when either the PROGRAM- or VOLUME-button is pressed, then the function in question is presently activated. This means that the program-number or the volume level entered will be stored in the preset and will be sent when the preset is called up (see Menu 1: PRESET). If this is not desired in a given keyboard zone, then the function can be disabled by pressing the corresponding NUMBER-button once more. The message "STORENO" will then appear on the upper right of the display to indicate that program-number or volume level will not be sent when the preset is called up. The NUMBER-button can be used to toggle between "STORE" and "STORENO". The actual value (Program-number or Volume) is set to the desired level (1...128) via the data-entry dial. It will be sent via MIDI-OUT over the MIDI-channel of the selected keyboard zone, thus providing immediate feedback to the user with respect to program-number and volume. Please note that not all expanders (or synthesizers, samplers, etc.) are capable of utilizing the volume-function. If an instrument controlled via the LMK3 does not have this feature, then the option cannot be used. Setting the volume for a keyboard zone also determines the maximum volume-level which can be attained for that zone with any controller. If the volume function is assigned to a controller (Slider, Wheel, etc.) and is activated in the keyboard zone in question, then the range of values for volume data sent for this zone will be between 0 and the volume-value entered by the user. Example: The volume for zone 1 is set to 100, that for zone 2 is set to 70. The volume-values sent for zone 1 will thus be 0..100, those for zone 2 will be 0...70, assuming of course that a controller has been assigned to VOLUME and that the function has been activated for both zones. This allows proportional volume-adjustment in different zones with one controller. If the full range of volume-values is desired for all zones, then the volume must be set to 127 for each zone. If a keyboard zone is not to be activated (i.e. fewer than 8 keyboard zones are required/desired) the lower and upper key(s) of the zone(s) are set to zero with the data-entry dial. No MIDI note event data will then be sent into those zones (note on, note off). However, these zones not used by the keyboard can be utilized to send program-numbers or volume-data. This may be useful to switch programs on drum-computers or effect-processors.2.3.5 Controller Assign/Activate This menu is selected by pressing the fifth MENU-button from the left. The menu has 2 functions. The first is the assignment of controllers to the standard MIDI-functions ("Assign"- function). The second is the activation of the controllers in the various keyboard zones ("Activate"-function). When entering this menu one reaches the "Activate"-portion first. The following message appears on the display: ZONE : 00Y CONTR.X ON/OFF Next to the word "ZONE" appears the number of the keyboard zone last selected in the SPLIT-menu. The activation of the controllers in the CONTROLLER ASSIGN/ACTIVATE-menu always refers to the zone previously selected in the SPLIT-menu. The BANK-buttons are for the various controllers (i.e. wheels, sliders, data entry, external footcontrollers and footswitches, aftertouch). The following controllers are allocated to the 8 BANK- buttons (starting on the left and showing the abbreviations seen on the display): Spring-loaded modulation wheel(WHEEL1) Non-spring-loaded modulation wheel(WHEEL2) External variable controller 1(E.CTR1, Pedal-Option) External variable controller 2(E.CTR2, "Pedal"-jack) Slider 1(SLIDE1) Aftertouch sensor(ATOUCH) Slider 2(SLIDE2) Data-entry dial(DENTRY) The external controller 1 is available only when keyboard includes the option for the second pedal jack. The NUMBER-buttons are for the switch-controllers (double footswitch). The following controllers are allocated to these buttons (starting at the left and showing the abbreviations seen on the display): Footswitch 1(EX.SW1) Footswitch 2(EX.SW2) The other six NUMBER-buttons are not used since the LMK3 only uses the two footswitches above. If one of the 10 buttons used for controller assignment purposes is pressed the display will show the abbreviation of the controller on the left of the lower line, followed by an arrow-symbol (->). The function currently assigned to that controller is also indicated (see below for abbreviations). On the right side of the lower display line will be the word "ON" or "OFF", depending on whether or not the controller in question is activated in the keyboard zone currently being worked in. Repeated pressing of the switch representing that particular controller allows for switching back and forth between "ON" and "OFF". If a footswitch has been assigned to the LINK-function (LNK) one can activate the function only in zone 1 since it is a global parameter which can not be set differently for the various keyboard zones. If an attempt is made to activate the LINK-function in zones 2-8, then the message "LINK IMPOSSIBLE" will appear in the display. Note: One should only activate controllers which are actually present and are being used, since otherwise the possibility of random controller data being sent out exists. For example, if a pedal is assigned to VOLUME in a given keyboard zone and has been activated even though no pedal is connected to the LMK3, then the volume can go to some random level while playing. The aftertouch sensor, the two wheels and the sliders should also be activated only if they are actually utilized in a preset within a given zone. Please avoide to assign two controllers the same function and activate them in the same zone. For example, if you assign both slider 1 and external controller 2 to the volume function and activate both in zone 1, there will occur problems because volume can be changed as well with slider 1 as with external controller 2. The result may be jumps in volume or even continuous volume messages alternating from slider 1 and external controller 2. The assignment of a controller to a MIDI-function can NOT be changed in this portion of the menu since it represents a global parameter for the entire preset, not just for a particular keyboard zone! Pressing the fifth MENU-button again calls up the "Assign"- portion of the menu. It is here that controllers are assigned to the various MIDI-functions. The following message appears on the display: ASSIGN CONTROLLERS TO MIDI EVENT These settings, as mentioned above, have global meaning for the entire preset, not just a single keyboard zone. The assignment of controllers to MIDI-functions is identical for all 8 keyboard zones. As discussed earlier, it is possible to choose whether or not a controller will be active in a given keyboard zones. This is done in the "Activate"-portion of this menu. The 8 BANK-buttons and the 2 leftmost NUMBER-buttons once again represent the same controllers as in the "Activate"-portion of this menu. After one of the 10 controllers has been selected, the lower line of the display will once again show that controller's abbreviation followed by an arrow-symbol (->) and the current assignment to a MIDI-function. The assignment of the controller can now be changed by means of the data-entry dial. REMEMBER: The new assignment will be a global parameter for the entire preset! The following standard MIDI-functions can be assigned to the various controllers (with abbreviations): Pitch Bend(PIT)Portamento(POR) Aftertouch(ATO)Data Entry(ENT) Modulation(MOD)Volume(VOL) Breadth-Controller(BRE)Panorama(PAN) In addition there are 8 user-defined controllers (UD1...UD8) which are explained in section 2.3.6. The assignment of the selected controller to a MIDI-function is accomplished by turning the data-entry dial. The assigned function will appear in the display to the right of the arrow symbol (in abbreviated form). Example: WHEEL1 -> PIT The external footswitches can be assigned to the following MIDI-standard-functions (with abbreviations): Sustain(SUS) Portamento ON/OFF(POO) Soft-Pedal(SOF) Sostenuto(SOS) Preset-Switchover(LNK) In addition they can be assigned to 3 additional, as yet undefined controllers (FR2...FR4) and the 8 user-defined controllers (UD1...UD8). The first 4 functions in the above list are standard MIDI-controllers. The fifth function (LNK=Link) is not a MIDI-controller. It is the internal switchover function for the 64 LMK3 presets. If the LINK- function is assigned to a footswitch, then the next preset in the preset-queue will be selected when the footswitch is used (also refer to PRESET-POINTER-display in menu 1 and PRESET-POINTER-adjustment in menu 7). If, while stepping through the queue, a preset is selected where the footswitch controls a function other than LINK, then the queue would end here and the footswitch could no longer switch to the next preset. Instead it would control whatever function has been assigned to it in this particular preset, for example SUSTAIN. The assignment of the footswitch to a MIDI-controller or to the LINK-function is accomplished by means of the data-entry dial. The assigned controller-function will appear in abbreviated form next to the arrow symbol in the display. Example: EX.SW2->SUS. We would like to point out one more time that the assignment of the controllers and the after-touch sensor to the various MIDI-functions is identical for all keyboard zones of a preset. It certainly wouldn't make much sense if the same controller simultaneously had two different functions in two different keyboard zones of the same preset (for example VOLUME and PITCH BEND). Since the assignment of controllers to MIDI-functions is done only once for each preset, this particular portion of the menu was placed behind the activation of the controllers in terms of operational procedure. Controllers are activated separately for each keyboard zone. If controllers were to be assigned prior to activation, one would have to go through the assignment menu prior to each activation. This might create the false impression that controllers can be assigned independently for each keyboard zone. Note: One should never assign two different controllers to the same function (for example a slider and the after-touch-sensor both controlling volume) since positive control of that function is then no longer possible. There would be a constant conflict between the inputs from the two controllers. If your instrument seems to be sending random data for pitch-bend and/or aftertouch, or seems to be sending random controller data, please check if 2 controllers have accidentally been assigned to the same function. A special case is the assignment of of the after-touch-sensor to pitch-bend. There is a global parameter in menu 7 (PARAMETERS), called ATP (Aftertouch-to-Pitch) which determines whether the pressure exerted on the keys has a positive or negative effect on pitch-bend. Without pressure the pitch-bend value of 64 is sent ($40 Hexadecimal). If ATP is positive, increasing pressure on the keys causes the pitch-bend values 64...127 ($40...$7F Hex) to be sent; a negative ATP results in values 64...0 ($40...$00 Hex). 2.3.6 User-Defined MIDI-Controllers This menu is selected by pressing the sixth MENU-button from the left. It is used to define the 8 user-specific MIDI-controllers UD1...UD8. The following message appears on the display: UD-MIDI CONTR. 1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8 The lower line of the message is a symbolic representation of the 8 UD-controllers. They can be activated via the BANK-buttons. The NUMBER-buttons have no function in this menu. After pressing one of the 8 BANK-buttons the following message appears on the lower display-line: USERDEF (00X):YYY X stands for 1...8, depending on which BANK-button was pressed. YYY represents the controller-number which is to be assigned to the user-defined controllers UD1..UD8. This number can be adjusted between 0 and 127 with the data-entry dial. The widely used standard MIDI-controller-numbers have already been used for the various standard controllers (see below). If the instrument connected to the LMK3 uses a special controller-number for a particular function, then that number can be selected and assigned to a controller here. Please note that controllers above number 121 represent MIDI-channel-mode messages, for example LOCAL ON/OFF, ALL NOTES OFF, etc. They should be used with caution. All user-defined controllers are preset-parameters and are being stored in each preset. Different UD-controllers can be defined for different presets. The following standard controllers are already being utilized: CONTROLLER #FUNCTION (ABBREV.)REMARKS -Pitch Bend (PIT)Intrinsic function, belongs not really to MIDI controllers -After Touch (ATO)Intrinsic function, belongs not really to MIDI controllers 1Modulation (MOD)continuous controller 2Breath Controller (BRE)continuous controller 5Portamento Time (POR)continuous controller 6Data Entry (ENT)continuous controller 7Volume (VOL)continuous controller 10Panorama (PAN)continuous controller 64Sustain (SUS)switchable controller 65Portamento On/Off (POO)switchable controller 66Sostenuto (SOS)switchable controller 67Soft Pedal (SOF)switchable controller The data range for continuous controllers is 0 . . . 127, for switchable (or digital) controllers 0 / 127 (only one of the two values: 0 or 127) 2.3.7 Parameters/Name This menu is selected by pressing the seventh MENU-button from left. In this menu all those global parameters are set which would not fit into the other menus. These include the preset-pointer, the realtime-instructions during preset-callup, the velocity-split-function for the 8 keyboard zones, the ATP-parameter, the manual dump, the velocity-response reduction factor of the black keys and the preset name. Only the five leftmost BANK-buttons are used in this menu. The first is used to adjust the preset-pointer. This is the number of the next preset activated when presets are switched over via the footswitch, assuming one of the two footswitches has been assigned to the LINK-function in the preset presently active (see CONTROLLER ASSIGN/ACTIVATE for details). When the switch is pressed the following message will appear on the display: LINK TO PRES > 0YY YY is the number of the next preset activated when presets are switched over. The number is set to the desired value via the data-entry dial. It is also possible to form loops since there are no restrictions on the setting of the preset-pointer. Just remember that one of the footswitches must be assigned to the LINK-function in the preset being jumped to, otherwise it will be impossible to jump to the next preset via the footswitch. Note: When pressing the link-footswitch the display will show the new preset number only if the PRESET-menu (leftmost MENU-button) is selected. If another menu is selected the new preset number is not displayed. The second BANK-button from left activates the realtime-instructions (START, STOP, CONTINUE) when selecting a preset. The following message will appear on the lower line of the display: REALTIME-MSG : YYY YYY can be any of the following: NIXNo realtime-instruction at preset-selectionMIDI-clock is stopped STASTART-instruction during preset-selectionMIDI-clock is sent STOSTOP-instruction during preset-selectionMIDI-clock is stopped CNTCONTINUE-instruction during preset-selectionMIDI-clock is sent The data-entry dial is used to select between those four options. If STA or CNT is selected, then the LMK3 will send the realtime-instruction (STA or CNT) and MIDI-clock-data with the tempo stored in the preset. These instructions are sent after the 8 program-numbers and the volume-values for the 8 keyboard zones. If NIX or STO is selected no MIDI-clock-signal is sent. If the clock-signal should continue to be sent when a new preset is selected (without START), then CON must be selected. If the tempo is to be maintained in the new preset, then the tempo of the new preset must be set to the same value as that of the previous preset. Otherwise a tempo change will take place when the new preset is selected. The third BANK-button from left adjusts the velocity- response reduction factor of the black keys. Because of their shorter leverage the black keys have a higher velocity-response than the white keys, with key pressure being equal. In this menu item one can set a parameter which reduces the velocity-response of the black keys in comparison to the white keys. The following will appear on the lower line of the display: SCALE BLACK: XXX XXX represents a value between 0...127, to be set with the data-entry dial. 127 means that black and white keys are being treated equal, 0 would completely suppress the black keys. Experience has shown a value of about 120 to be best. SCALE BLACK is a global parameter of the LMK3, i.e. it is valid for all presets and does not need to be entered for each one separately. The fourth BANK-button manually triggers a dump of the entire content of the preset-memory. The following message appears on the lower line of the display: SEND SYS-EX BULK At the same time the 8 LED's are counting up the presently transmitted preset-numbers in binary form. Triggering the dump obviously is useful only if an appropriate receiver is present (i.e. sequencer, computer with MIDI-Dump software) which can store the data and subsequently return it to the LMK3. A more detailed description of the DUMP-function can be found in the section on the PRESET-menu. The fifth BANK-button sets the so-called ATP-parameter, ATP standing for after touch-to-pitch. This parameter determines if pressure on the keys has a positive or negative effect on pitch-bend when the aftertouch sensor has been assigned to the pitch- bend function. The following message will appear on the lower line of the display: ATP/ON+/OFF-: XXX XXX stands for "ON" or "OFF". The fifth BANK-button can be used to toggle between "ON" and "OFF". "ON" means a positive effect of key pressure on pitch-bend, "OFF" causes a negative effect. The ATP-parameter is global, i.e. once set it is valid for all presets stored in the LMK3. Of course the parameter is meaningful only if the aftertouch sensor has been assigned to the pitch-bend function. The NUMBER-buttons are used to define the velocity-split-function for the 8 keyboard zones. The leftmost switch corresponds to zone 1, etc. The following message appears on the display: VELSW-Z (00X) : YYY Z is the number of the zone (1...8), depending on which NUMBER-button was pressed. YYY is the velocity threshold-value above which the next higher MIDI-channel is used (refering to the MIDI-channel of the keyboard zone in question). This value can be adjusted via the data- entry dial. Example: MIDI-channel 5 has been selected in menu 4 for keyboard zone 2. The threshold-value of the velocity-split-function of zone 2 has been set to 100. Given these settings, all notes with a dynamics-value (Velocity) below 100 are sent via MIDI-channel 5. All notes with a value above 100 are sent via MIDI-channel 6. If one wishes to utilize this function it must be remembered that the next-higher MIDI-channel must remain free when selecting channels in the SPLIT-menu. To cancel the velocity-split-function the data-entry dial is turned counter-clockwise all the way (Value shown on display = 1). Now notes are sent without velocity-split on the MIDI-channel selected in the SPLIT-menu. Pressing MENU-button 7 once more will select the submenu for naming presets. On the upper line of the display the current name of the preset is shown. The 8 BANK-buttons correspond to the 8 characters of the name. To change a character one must press the corresponding BANK-button and then turn the data-entry dial. All capital letters, the numbers 0 through 9 and some special characters are available. 2.3.8 Panic This menu is selected by pressing the rightmost MENU-button. The PANIC-function can be used under any operational conditions. Pressing the PANIC-menu-button while in another menu will cause immediate exit from that menu. The PANIC-menu also provides 16 Pseudo-panic-buttons for the 16 MIDI-channels. The BANK-buttons represent pseudo-panic-buttons 1 through 8, the NUMBER-buttons represent pseudo-panic-buttons 9 through 16, from left to right. These panic-buttons do not cause an ALL NOTES OFF-instruction to be sent. Instead 128 individual NOTE OFF-instructions are sent for all 128 possible notes of the MIDI-channel in question. This function is required for MIDI-instruments which do not recognize the ALL NOTES OFF-instruction. Such instruments would not respond to the 'normal' panic-button, since it only provides the ALL NOTES OFF-instruction. A PANIC-function which buttons off all 128 notes on all 16 channels via NOTE OFF-instructions will unfortunately cause MIDI-Overflow in almost all MIDI-instruments currently on the market. In most cases the message MIDI-BUFFER FULL would appear on the display. This is the reason for the introduction of the 16 pseudo-panic-buttons on the LMK3, since they effectively prevent this problem. APPENDIX A: Technical Data LMK3 (Software Version 3.0) - High quality keyboard with 88 or 76 weighted 'piano-touch' keys - Built into a flight-case with removable lid and snap-closures - 2-line, 16-character LC display with adjustable background illumination and contrast - 24 function-buttons grouped in three rows of 8 (Top row with LED indicators) - 2 Wheels (one spring-loaded) - 2 Sliders - 1 Data-entry dial - Monophonic aftertouch (Channel-aftertouch) - External input-jack for double-footswitch - External input-jack for sweep pedal - 1 MIDI-OUT - 1 MIDI-IN (MIDI-IN only for LMK3-DUMP-function, not suitable for connecting another keyboard) - External power supply (not included, except in USA) - Wheels, sliders, aftertouch sensor, pedal and footswitch can be assigned to any MIDI-function - MIDI-program-change-instructions (1...128) sent on selectable MIDI-channel (MIDI-master-channel) - MIDI-START, STOP, CONTINUE, CLOCK available to control sequencers or drum computers - PANIC-button ("ALL NOTES OFF" on all channels and initialization of all controllers) - All presets selectable in user-defined order via one of the footswitches (i.e. footswitch-activated preset change) - 32 velocity-response curves - 8 aftertouch curves - 8 user definable controllers (MIDI-Controller # 0...127 can be assigned) - Adjustable velocity-response reduction factor for black keys - Velocity-split-function (i.e. automatic data transmission on next higher MIDI-channel once a certain, user-defined velocity-threshold value is exceeded) - DUMP-function (for single presets or the entire preset memory) - Adjustable effect on pitch-bend (positive or negative) when aftertouch-sensor is assigned to pitch-bend function - Proportional volume control of different keyboard zones with a single controller - 64 Keyboard-presets (using battery-buffered RAM). The following parameters can be adjusted/defined by the user in each preset: -- Assignment of controllers (Wheels, sliders, pedal, external footswitch, etc.) to MIDI-functions (Pitch bend, modulation, breath contoller, aftertouch, volume, panorama, portamento time, sustain, soft pedal, sostenuto, portamento ON/OFF and 8 user-defined controllers) -- Name of the preset (up to 8 characters) -- Preset tempo (MIDI-clock) -- Alternative sending of START, STOP or CONTINUE-instruction at time of preset call-up -- Preset-pointer setting (indicating the number of the preset selected during the next program change via footswitch; formation of loops possible) - 8 overlapping keyboard-keyboard zones The following features can be defined/adjusted by the user in each zone: -- UPPER/LOWER key -- MIDI-channel (1...16) -- Transposition in half-note increments (+/- 63) -- Selection of one of 32 velocity-response curves for the velocity-response characteristic -- Selection of one of 8 aftertouch curves for the aftertouch characteristic -- Selection of controllers to be active within each keyboard zone -- Program-number and Volume of the keyboard zone (This two messages can be sent on the MIDI-channel of that zone when a preset is selected, meaning that the correct sound characteristics and loudness for that zone are immediately established)APPENDIX C: Explanation of the velocity-response curves and aftertouch curves. When defining the parameters of the keyboard zones one can select among 32 velocity-response curves and 8 aftertouch curves. In the following paragraph the reasons for this feature shall be discussed briefly. The special MIDI-chip (E510) used to poll the key-contacts uses the time difference required by the switch-contact to derive the velocity response (or dynamics-value). The relationship between measured time difference and velocity-response value sent is one of inverse proportion, i.e. doubling the time causes the velocity-response value to be halfed. However, this is not the response one is used to from a piano. Thus the option of adjusting the keyboard's velocity response via response curves was created. In the case of non-adjusted velocity-response (Curve 1) most people feel that the high values start too early and that there is insufficient resolution in the lower range. There are several tables which more or less compensate for this. The higher the number of the table (2...8) the more the velocity-response is moved upward, i.e. the harder one must press the keys to obtain a given velocity-response. Tables 9...12 represent alternative velocity-response curves, i.e. the dynamics rise even faster than in the inverse proportional curves. Tables 13...28 contain various linear, logarithmic and exponential characteristic curves with start- or end-response. Table 16, for example, sends a response value of at least 16. However, the rise of the response starts only at minimum key-pressure and ends at a aximum value of 100. Tables 29 and 30 contain reversed characteristic-curves, i.e. the velocity-response values decrease as the keys are pressed harder. This seemingly illogical feature can be used for key-pressure-controlled blend-over effects ("Crossfade"). For this application one expander (or sound) is controlled with a 'normal' curve (1...28), another with with a reversed curve (29 or 30). This is done by defining the same UPPER/LOWER key-values for two different keyboard zones, but using different velocity-response curves and MIDI-channels for those two zones. Depending on how hard the keys are pressed one expander will now become louder, while the other expander will simultaneously become more quiet. The velocity-response characteristics will to some extent also depend on the type of expander being used, since different instruments have different characteristics. The 32 curves included with the LMK3 generally permit optimal adjustment of the velocity-response chacteristics. Also, some expanders do include adjustable velocity-response curves of their own. The LMK3 also provides 8 aftertouch curves. In general, the same comments apply to these as to the velocity-response curves. Curve 1 is linear. In curves 2...4 the high aftertouch values appear earlier, meaning that the lower range of the aftertouch is more sensitive. Curves 5 and 6 have a minimum (5) and a maximum value (6), repectively, for the aftertouch characteristic. Curve 8 is an inverted function, i.e. the aftertouch value decreases with increasing pressure on the keys. Graphical representations of the various curves can be found on the next page.