MAQ 16/3 MIDI-ANALOG-SEQUENCER (Software Version 2.00) INDEX 1. Power Supply 2. MIDI-Interface 3. Controls 4. Operation 4.1 Switching the Sequencer ON 4.2 Menu Structure 4.3 Description of Menus 4.3.1 EVENT 4.3.2 CHANNEL 4.3.3 FIRST/LAST STEP 4.3.4 PRESCALE/TIME 4.3.5 MODE 4.3.6 SINGLE STEP 4.3.7 PRESET 4.3.8 START/STOP INTRODUCTION The software presently included with the MAQ16/3 is version 2.00. It was thoroughly tested by our firm as well as several beta- testers and found to be free of bugs. Nevertheless, it has been our experience that the initial version of a software package will eventually reveal some hidden bugs after all. We would therefore appreciate it if our customers would notify us in the event of their encountering a bug. We will then immediately attempt to correct the problem as soon as possible and to release a free software update to our customers. In order to take advantage of our free software updates customers will have to send in their EPROMs. Please note that software updates which introduce new features not initially included with version 1.00 will NOT be free of charge. While studying this manual one may occasionally get the impression of slightly awkward and/or complicated operating procedures. In some instances the inscriptions at the controls on the frontplate are also somewhat behind the actual software capabilities (for example in Menu 6: SINGLE STEP). The reason for this is the fact that the MAQ was initially designed as a simple analog sequencer. However, in the course of software development we found that MIDI allows many more functional possibilities than would be the case with conventional analog sequencers. In particular, we also incorporated a number of features which had been requested by the well-known German band KRAFTWERK and which had not been planned for originally. Consequently our original concept of a simple analog sequencer turned into a rather sophisticated device which will hopefully satisfy even the most demanding users. Unfortunately the increased sophistication of the MAQ had to be purchased at the expense of user-friendliness. We nevertheless hope that the broad range of functions and features will compensate our customers for this. At this point we would also like to express our gratitude to the band KRAFTWERK for their cooperation and input during the development of the MAQ. 1. POWER SUPPLY The MAQ16/3 does not have a built-in power supply. Instead it uses a plug-in type external power supply (DC adapter). The primary reason for this feature is the fact that line voltages and plug types vary considerably from country to country. Using a plug-in external supply the MAQ16/3 can be used anywhere with a locally purchased power supply, thus keeping the retail price down. The power supply must be able to deliver 7-12 VDC unstabilized, as well as a minimum of 300mA. The MAQ16/3 is switched ON by plugging the AC adapter into a wall outlet and connecting it to the appropriate jack on the back of the case. There is no separate ON/OFF switch If the polarity of the power supply is incorrect, the MAQ16/3 will not function. However, there is no danger of damage to the circuitry since it is protected by a diode. The power supply is NOT included with the MAQ16/3 and must be purchased locally by the user. Note: MAQ16/3 sequencers sold in the USA do include an AC adapter. 2. MIDI-INTERFACE Connect the MIDI-OUT jack of the MAQ16/3 with MIDI-IN of the device to be controlled (Expander, Synthesizer, etc.) via a suitable MIDI-cable. The MIDI-IN jack of the MAQ is needed only if the device is to be synchronized via MIDI-IN or if sequences of notes are to be transposed. Otherwise the MIDI-IN jack remains unused. It should be emphasized that the MIDI-IN jack has no merge-function, i.e. incoming data is not passed on to the MIDI-output. 3. CONTROLS The MAQ16/3 features the following controls and displays: 3 rows of 16 potentiometers (dials) and LEDs each 1 3-digit LED-display 8 MENU-buttons in 2 rows of 4 buttons each 8 LEDs (serving as indicators for the MENU-buttons) 1 Data-entry dial The three rows of dials serve to adjust the sequences. The LEDs above the dials indicate the active step in each row. The 8 MENU- buttons and their indicator LEDs are used to activate the various operating modes. The data-entry dial allows rapid input of the desired parameters. 4. OPERATION 4.1. Switching the Sequencer ON After the sequencer is plugged-in the display should show the software version (e.g. 200 for version 2.00). After a moment it should switch and display the tempo in BPM (Beats per minute), which can be altered via the data entry dial. The 8 LEDs above the MENU-buttons must remain off (i.e. no menu is selected). If this is not the case either the MAQ16/3 or the power supply is defective. Please first check the power supply before you return the MAQ. Maybe the polarity of the power supply used is wrong (ring must be GND, pin must be +7...12V). 4.2 Menu Structure There are 8 different menus which can be selected via the 8 MENU- buttons by pressing the appropriate one. The LEDs above the buttons will indicate which one is active at any given time. One can exit a menu at any time simply by pressing another MENU-button. If no menu is selected all LEDs are off and the display shows the tempo (see section 4.3). The following menus are assigned to the 8 MENU-buttons: Upper row 1: EVENT 2: CHANNEL 3: FIRST/LAST STEP 4: PRESCALE/TIME Lower row 5: MODE 6: SINGLE STEP 7: PRESET : START/STOP Menus 1-5 always refer to one of the three rows of dials. Menus 6-8 are global, i.e. they refer to the whole sequencer rather than a specific row. In the next few paragraphs we shall briefly explain the functions of the 8 menus, prior to discussing them in detail. MENU 1 : EVENT In this menu a certain type of MIDI-instruction (Event) is assigned to each row. The most important instructions are Note ON/OFF, Velocity, Controller, Pitch-bend, Program change, Monophonic and Polyphonic Aftertouch. In addition a row can be assigned time function (i.e. Duration of the step), dynamic switching of the MIDI-channel or additional transposition of another row. MENU 2 : CHANNEL This menu is used to assign a row to a MIDI-channel. The row will transmit the MIDI-instructions entered in MENU 1 on the channel selected in this menu, unless dynamic MIDI-channel switching has been activated. MENU 3 : FIRST/LAST STEP The length of each of the three rows of dials can be limited. In this menu the user determines the first step in which the sequence begins, as well as the last step after which the unit jumps back to the first column. Since first and last step can be adjusted separately for each row, it is possible to generate rather complex sequences. MENU 4 : PRESCALE/TIME For each row the time difference (in units of MIDI-Clock events) between events (MIDI-instructions) can be predetermined. The time difference is a tempo-divisor (always a whole number) which refers to the MIDI-Clock or the internally generated tempo, respectively. In case of NOTE-events one can also adjust the time between NOTE ON and NOTE OFF (i.e. Note duration). Among other things one can use this menu to cause different rows to run at different speeds, although always synchronous with the MIDI-Clock. MENU 5 : MODE For each row one of four modes - Forward, Reverse, Pendulum, Random - can be chosen. MENU 6 : SINGLE STEP This menu is used to select single step-mode. It is used primarily to adjust each individual step, for example in cases where the desired sequence is not to be determined experimentally but a prepared sequence is to be entered.This function can also be used for interesting effects during live performances ("Scanning" of a sequence or single step- improvisation, for example) since single-step mode also runs synchronous with the MIDI-Clock. MENU 7 : PRESET In this menu the presets are managed. In addition to the present settings at any given time one can also store 4 complete sequences for subsequent retrieval. The manual DUMP-function can be initiated in this menu via System-Exclusive-instructions. MENU 8 : START/STOP This is not a menu as such, but rather a START/STOP/CONTINUE- button. By pressing the button one alternately starts and stops the sequence. The tempo in beats per minute (BPM) appears on the display in this mode and can be adjusted via the data-entry dial. If the data-entry dial is turned all the way to the left (Display ="e t") then the synchronization of the MAQ takes place externally via MIDI-IN (i.e. external trigger). 4.3 DESCRIPTION OF MENUS The following general remarks apply to all menus and will not be repeated in the description of each individual menu: 1. A menu is selected by pressing the corresponding MENU- button. The menu selected is visually indicated by an illuminated LED. 2. One can exit from a menu by pressing a different MENU- button. 3. In menus 1-5 one can select the desired row by pressing the same MENU-button again, since these menus refer to one of the three rows of dials. The process is circular, i.e. if the button is pressed again while row 3 is selected the program jumps back to row 1. The row selected is visually indicated by one of the three decimal points of the digital display. The left decimal point represents the top row, the middle decimal point represents the middle row and the right decimal point represents the bottom row. 4. The parameters within the menu selected are adjusted via the data-entry dial beneath the control-panel. Display-Functions The display toggles between the parameter-display and the edit- display in approximately one second-intervals. Parameter-display in this case refers to the item which can be selected in the menu in question via the data-entry dial (for example, the various events of menu 1 or the channel number in menu 2). The row-display, which alternates with the parameter-display, shows the selected row via one of the three decimal points. The left decimal point represents the the upper row, the middle decimal point the middle row and the right-hand decimal point indicates the bottom row. At first this type of alternating display may seem confusing, but one soon gets used to it. If a parameter is changed via the data-entry dial, the system immediately switches to parameter-display, i.e. one does not need to wait one second to see the new parameter value. The new value is displayed as soon as the data-entry dial is moved. Similarily, whenever a menu-button is pressed for the purpose of selecting a row the display immediately switches to the row-display (i.e. the decimal points). Realtime Operation All parameters in menus 1-5 can be altered during operation, i.e. while the sequence is running. However, please note that this may lead to undesired side-effects. In particular a change in the type of MIDI-Event (Menu 1) can trigger unexpected effects. For example, if the operating is changed from Note to Controller during operation, notes can get stuck since a NOTE ON-instruction may suddenly be missing its corresponding NOTE OFF-instruction. Another example are undesired controller messages (e.g. Volume/Ctr. # 7 or Modulation/Ctr. # 1) while turning the data- entry dial in MIDI-event mode (Menu 1) while a sequence is running. It is therefore not recommended to make such substantial changes during operation, especially since they would not make a great deal of sense during live performances anyway. On the other hand, FIRST/LAST STEP (Menu 3), TIME (Menu 4) or MODE (Menu 5) lend themselves very well to modification during operation, including live performances. 4.3.1 EVENT (MENU 1) / Leftmost button in upper row In this menu the selected row of dials is assigned the desired MIDI-Event. The assigned MIDI-Event is shown on the display in abbreviated form. The following MIDI-Events are available: Display Type of event (Instruction) Remark # --- No funktion Row switched off nA1...5 NOTE ON/OFF Absolute 1...5 octaves (1) nr1...5 NOTE ON/OFF Relative 1...5 octaves (1) d.y.n. Dynamics/Velocity (2) C0...31 Controller 0...31 PIt Pitch Bend (3) PIP Pitch Bend positive only (3) PI- Pitch Bend negative only (3) At Aftertouch (monophonic) Prg Program Change (4) Cn1 MIDI-Channel for Row 1 (5) Ad1 Addition to Row 1 (6) A.P 1 Poly-AT/Polypressure for Row 1 (7)+(1) A P .2 Poly-AT/Polypressure for Row 2 (7)+(1) t.4.. Step-duration 1-4 (8) t.8.. Step-duration 1-8 (8) t.1.6. Step-duration 1-16 (8) t.3.3. Step-duration 1-32 (8) PA1...5 Note ON/OFF Absolute 1...5 octaves (1) with pause Pr1...5 Note ON/OFF Relative 1...5 octaves (1) with pause Remark (1) : Note-Instructions If Note ON/OFF is assigned to a row one can choose between the following options: 1. Symbol: Normal (n) or with pause (P) 2. Symbol: Absolute (A) or relative (r) operating mode 3. Symbol: Octave-range (between 1 and 5) If "Normal" is selected, then the entire dialing range of each of the 48 dials generates Note-events. If "Pause" is selected, turning a dial all the way to the right will generate a pause rather than a Note-event (MUTE-function). If "Absolute" is selected, then the note is entered directly with the dial and will not be altered by incoming note-instructions. In this case the note-values start at MIDI-Code 36 (= the low C on a 5-octave keyboard). In "relative" NOTE ON-instructions entering via MIDI-IN are used for transposition of the sequence, i.e. the note-values entered with the dials are added to those coming from MIDI-IN. In order to be able to implement the TRANSPOSE-function, the MIDI- channel of the incoming note-instructions must be the same as that of the row. There are 5 different scales ranging from 1 to 5 octaves for both all operating modes. For example, with nA1 the range of notes for a full turn of a dial is 1 octave, with nA5 it is 5 octaves. If a row of notes is combined with a velocity-row (see remark 2), then the velocity values are supplied by this second row. If no other row is defined as velocity-row, then the note-instructions are sent with a velocity-value of 100. If a "note"-row is combined with a poly-pressure row (see remark 7), then the note-row no longer sends Note ON/OFF-instructions, but polyphonic aftertouch-events instead. The note-value of the Poly-AT- instruction is generated by the note-row, the poly-pressure-value is generated with the poly-pressure-row (A.P 1 or A P.2). This approach to combining a note-row with a poly-pressure-row was chosen because "Note"- and "Poly-AT"-instructions are very similar (i.e. 3 bytes in length). In both cases the status-byte is followed by the note-byte and then the velocity-byte (for Note ON/OFF) or the pressure-byte (for Poly-AT), respectively. Remark (2): Velocity/Poly-Pressure Under MIDI the velocity-instruction is coupled to the note- instruction. Thus, if velocity has been assigned to one row, it must be combined with a row which generates note-instructions. The three decimal points of the display are used to indicate which row(s) have been assigned to the velocity-row. For example, if NOTES ON/OFF has been assigned to row 1 and if the velocity-values are to be provided by row 2, then the Event-type "d.y n" is to be entered for row 2, i.e. only the left decimal point may be illuminated as an indication that row 2 and its velocity-instructions have been combined only with row 1. In principle, one can combine the velocity-row with more than one row providing notes. For example, "d.y n." would indicate that row 2 (velocity-row) has been combined with both, row 1 and row 3. However, the user must make certain that the other two rows provide note-instructions. Furthermore, one should remember that one velocity-row now simultaneously controls two note-rows. It is left to the user to decide on the usefulness of such an arrangement. If a dial is turned all the way to the left (i.e. Velocity = 0) no note-instruction is generated, instead a pause of the corresponding length will result. Remark (3): Pitch Bend Three seperate ranges were set aside for pitch bend: Full range (0...127), positive values only (64...127) and negative values only (0...64). If the full pitch-range is selected there will be a plateau around the center position of the dial in order to make it a little easier to find the neutral pitch- position. Remark (4): Program-Change With this instruction it is possible to dynamically switch sounds during a sequence, provided the expander being used permits this feature. Many expanders have a certain delay time before a new note- instruction actually starts generating a sound after a program- change-instruction. With such expanders the program-change event cannot be properly utilized. Remark (5): Dynamic MIDI-Channel-Switching With Cn1 the dynamic MIDI-channel-switching (1...16) for row 1 can be assigned to rows 2 or 3. The sequence running in row 1 will then be dynamically distributed onto the MIDI-channels which have been selected with the dials in row 2 or 3. The MIDI-channel settings for row 1 (see Menu 2) are then suspended. In order for this function to work properly, an appropriatenumber of receivers (Expanders) must be available on several MIDI-channels. MIDI-Multimode-Expanders which can receive on several different channels simultaneously lend themselves particularly well to this application. Remark (6): Addition/Transposition Ad1 permits values entered with the dials in rows 2 and 3 to beadded to row 1. For example, if row 1 provides note- instructions, then this feature would provide an additional transposition capability. It would permit the alteration of the sequence of row 1, without modifying the sequence itself. Since rows 2 and 3 and row 1 can run at different speeds it is for example possible to let the transposition (Rows 2/3) take effect only after each half or fully completed run of row 1. Remark (7): Polyphonic Aftertouch In order to send polyphonic aftertouch (Poly-AT)-instructions, one of the four types of note-events (nA, nr, PA, Pr) is assigned to row 1 or 2. A second row is then assigned "A.P 1" (Poly-AT for row 1) or "A P.2" (Poly-AT for row 2). The note-row is then responsible for the pitch, the AP-row for the poly-pressure values. The PolyAT-event is very similar to the normal Note-event with velocity. In both cases the first row is used to set the note- values. The difference lies in the fact that with Note-events the second row is used to determine velocity, whereas with PolyAT- events the second row is used to determine pressure-values. Remark (8): Step-Duration (Time) The step-duration is not directly linked with a MIDI-event. It merely provides the duration for the step in question. If step- duration is assigned to a row it can refer to one row, two rows or all three rows. The indication is provided by the three decimal points of the display. If, for example, "t.4. ." is entered for the bottom row (Row 3) it means that the settings enteredon the dials of row 3 are valid for all three rows. "t 4. ." would indicate validity only for the two bottom rows. In order for the user to be able to control the step-duration on the bottom row, it must also refer to that row (i.e. the third decimal point on the display must be illuminated in our example). Otherwise the time-row will run in constant steps and will pass the step- duration values only to the other row(s) activated. There are four possible scaling factors for the dials: Base time x 4, x 8, x 16, x 32. The base time results from the (internal or external) MIDI-clock. The step-duration can only be increased in whole multiples of the base time. The digits 4, 8, 16 and 32 refer to the maximum scaling factor (with respect to the clock) which can be reached if a control dial is turned all the way up. If only small time differences between steps are desired "t4" should be selected, for larger differences one should select "t 8", "t16" or "t32". If a dial in the step-duration-row is turned all the way to the left, then the step in question will be omitted, i.e. this serves as SKIP-function. The timing of each row is also influenced by an adjustable prescale factor (Menu 4: PRESCALE/TIME). If the step-duration function is assigned to a row the prescale factors entered in Menu 4 are in effect as well. Very complex timing arrangements can thus be programmed, although these will always within the framework of the MIDI-clock. In principle the step-duration can be controlled with any one of the three rows of dials. However, for technical reasons we recommend that only the bottom row is used for this purpose, since the software has been optimized for this. We would like to emphasize one more time at this point that not every arrangement possible is also sensible. One could of course assign step-duration or velocity to all three rows, but this would certainly make no sense ! Nonetheless, we deliberately decided not to outright exclude certain configurations, in order to avoid limiting the potential of the MAQ from the start. Since this allows for the possibility of nonsensical configurations, we urge all users to make sure that the configurations programmed do make sense. Otherwise there is a potential for uncontrolled reactions and side effects. For example, if a velocity-row is combined with an monophonic aftertouch-row, then the velocity-value entered via the dials will overwrite the aftertouch-values! If on occasion the MAQ behaves in unexpected or undesired fashion, the user should review the configuration entered to make sure it actually makes sense. 4.3.2 CHANNEL (MENU 2) / Second button in upper row In this menu a MIDI-channel is assigned to the designated row of dials. The channel is selected via the data-entry dial. If a row has been assigned Velocity, Step-duration, Addition (Ad1) or Dynamic MIDI- channel (Cn1) in menu 1, then the MIDI-channel selection of menu 2 is without meaning since in those cases the MIDI-channel is determined by the corresponding row(s). 4.3.3 FIRST/LAST STEP (MENU 3) / Third button in upper row (Note: Button is labeled "LAST STEP") In this menu the first ("F . . ") and last ("L . . ") active step in each row are selected. Repeated pressing of the MENU-button will allow the first steps ("F . .") of the three rows to be entered first, followed by the last steps ("L . .") of the three rows. The selected rows are once again indicated by the decimal points on the display being illuminated. After the selected last step of a row has been reached the program jumps back to the selected first step of the row (in forward mode, see menu 5). Since these settings are made separately for each row it is possible to generate very complex sequences which will repeat only after several runs. Another way to create interesting effects is to combine a note- row with a velocity-row of different length. This will result in the combination of notes and velocity- values constantly being shifted, thus creating a lively accentuation. The same holds true for a step-duration assigned to row 3. If this row is made shorter or longer than the note-row with which it is combined, the step-durations will constantly vary with the notes. One may also change the values while the sequence is running, i.e. lengthening or shortening the sequences during operation. This will substantially enhance live performances and can also be used for improvisations or experimental pieces. 4.3.4 PRESCALE/TIME (MENU 4) / Fourth button in upper row In this menu the period between two events (in MIDI-clock units) can be adjusted for each row. For note-events the note-duration can be adjusted in addition. The abbreviations "g" and "n" are being used. "g" stands for gate-time, this is the time between two events of the same type. An example would be the time between two Note ON-instructions. "n" stands for note- duration, i.e. the time between a Note ON-instruction and its associated Note OFF-instruction. The setting of note-duration is relevant only if the row in question has been assigned to note- events (nA, nr, PA, Pr). There is no "switching off" in the fashion of NOTE OFF-instructions with any of the other types of instructions, such as controllers, pitchbend and aftertouch. Repeated pressing of the menu-button will initially take the user into the gate-time section of the menu, where the gate- times are entered (g . .) for the three row (Rows indicated via decimal point, as usual). This section of the menu is followed by that for adjustment of note-lengths (n . .). It should be remembered that note-length must always be less than gate-duration. If note-length is set to "1", it will always automatically be equal to gate-duration and need not be changed separately if gate-duration is changed. The two-digit numbers displayed behind "g" or "n" refer to the MIDI-clock. For example, a setting of "g04" means that after 4MIDI-clocks the row in question jumps to the next step. If two rows are to run at equal speed, one must enter the same values for gate-duration in each row. If one row is to run half as fast as the other, one must enter a value for gate-duration which is twice that of the other row (i.e. 8 for our example). Uneven ratios are also possible. In MIDI the duration of a quarter note is defined as 24 clocks. If you combine the MAQ with another MIDI-clock controlled unit (drum machine, computer sequencer etc.) you have to ensure that the MAQ is running at the same musical tempo as the other unit(s). In this case we recommend you choose a value of 24, 12 or 6 for the gate time, i.e. to select a musical period of a quarter, a eight or a sixteenth note between two sequence steps. The separate adjustment of the prescale-factors for each row make extremely complex timing arrangements possible, although these will always be referenced to the shared MIDI-clock. If step-duration is assigned to row 3, the step-duration and the effects of the prescale-factor from menu 4 will overlap. In combination with different "First/Last steps" in the three rows one obtains very complex sequences which no longer appear to have any timing-based relationship, but which always run synchronously via the MIDI-clock. 4.3.5 MODE (MENU 5) / Leftmost button in lower row There are 4 possible operating modes for each row: Forward, Reverse, Pendulum or Random. In this menu the desired mode is selected for a given row: Display Operating Mode FOr Forward bAC Backward PEn Pendulum rnd Random 4.3.6 SINGLE STEP (MENU 6) / Second button in lower row (Label: "EXP") This menu selects the single step-mode. The data-entry dial is used to select one of the steps 1-16. The step in question will be selected in all three rows and scanned in the previously selected tempo. For example, if NOTE ON/OFF has been assigned to all three rows in menu 1 one can now easily set the desired triad for each step. If only one or two rows are to be adjusted, then the undesired row(s) can be temporarily disabled in menu 1 (Event-type "---"). The single step-mode can also be used for live performances and experimenting. For example, once a sequence or chord-combination has been entered via the control-dials, then each of the 16 steps can be selected in realtime via the data-entry dial (i.e. each step can be dynamically "scanned"). Output continues to occur in step with the internal or external MIDI-clock. It is also possible to achieve spontaneous changes by turning the dials of the currently selected step. Use of the single step-mode should definitely not be limited to the input of a sequence, but should also be used for experimentation during live performances. Within the single-step menu the display functions as an EDIT- display. If one of the three selected dials is turned, then the display will show the new value selected for that dial. The data- value shown is that which is sent via MIDI. The range of values differs between various types of events (for example, nA1 = 36 ...48, Controller = 0 ... 127, etc.) 4.3.7 PRESET (MENU 7) / Third button in lower row This global menu is used to manage the 4 available presets and to manually trigger the DUMP-function. Up to 4 complete sequences can be stored and retrieved (i.e. all parameters and the settings of the 48 dials). Preset 1 has a special status here. When the MAQ is switched ON all parameters except the settings of the 48 dials are retrieved from Preset 1. Furthermore, all parameter changes except changes to the 48 dials are automatically stored in Preset 1. As a result Preset 1 should be regarded more a backup copy of the edit buffer, rather than a "real" preset. When the MENU-button is pressed the LED will go on and a preset number from 0-4 can be selected via the data-entry dial. "0" corresponds to the actual current settings of all parameters and the 48 dials. 1 - 4 refers to any previously stored presets. If one exits the menu in this mode by pressing another MENU-button, then either the current settings (0) or one of the presets (1-4) is selected. If one of the "genuine" presets 1-4 was selected, then the 48 dials for the three rows will be non-functional. Therefore if on occasion turning a dial will not produce any changes, please check to see whether you inadvertently called-up a preset. The settings of the three stored rows cannot be edited (Software Version 2.00), i.e. once the preset is selected the 48 dials are no longer scanned as to their settings since the dial settings are now retrieved directly from memory. We plan to add the above feature with software release 3.00 (late 1993). However, the upgrade will require not only a new EPROM, but a different type of processor as well. However, the parameters which are entered via the MENU-buttons and the data-entry dial can still be edited. If a "genuine" preset (1-4) is selected in this menu by turning the data-entry dial, followed by selection of preset "0", then the parameter-values of preset 1 will be taken over, whereas the settings for the 48 dials will be taken from the actual dial settings rather than from memory. In order to support this function any parameter changes made while in Preset 1 will be automatically stored. If the MENU-button for this menu is pressed a second time, all 8 LEDs will go on as a visual warning of the impending storing procedure. If a preset-number (1-4) is now entered via the data- entry dial and the MENU-button is pressed a third time, then the current settings of the 48 dials and the current parameter-values are stored in the selected preset. Any sequence previously stored in this location will be overwritten and is thus irretrievably lost! If preset "0" is selected for storage, then the manual DUMP via MIDI-OUT is triggered. In this case the data is not stored, instead the entire content of the preset-memory is dumped via MIDI in form of System Exclusive-instructions. In order to initialize the whole preset-memory it is necessary to simultaneously press and hold MENU-buttons 1 and 8 while the MAQ16/3 is switched ON (i.e. when plugging in the power supply cable). This function will irretrievably erase all presets and should thus be used with caution! 4.3.8 START/STOP (Menu 8) / Fourth button in lower row This is not a menu but a Start/Stop-button. Pressing this MENU- button will alternately start or stop the sequence. The appropriate MIDI-instructions START, STOP or CONTINUE are sent along with MIDI-clock via MIDI-OUT. In case of START the sequence starts from the last configuration (no resetting of the three rows to step 1, MIDI-OUT: CONTINUE / $FB). If all three rows are to start with step 1 (Reset) then the START/STOP-menu must be briefly exited and reentered (MIDI-OUT: START / $FA). In this menu the display will show the tempo in beats per minute (BPM), the tempo can be adjusted with the data-entry dial. In order to synchronize the MAQ16/3 with an external MIDI-clock via MIDI-IN, one must turn the data-entry dial all the way to the left stop. The display will then show "E t" for "External trigger". In this case the incoming MIDI-clock-instructions are used as timing basis, rather than the internal clock-generator. The MAQ will also respond to incoming MIDI-instructions START, STOP and CONTINUE. APPENDIX A: Remote-Control of MAQ-Parameters via MIDI-Events PLEASE NOTE: This type of remote control "alienates" the MIDI- specification from its original purpose and does therefore not conform to MIDI. If channel 16 is to be used for other purposes without addressing the MAQ, then a MIDI-data filter is to be switched into channel 16. As an alternative to a filter you can purchase a special software version from us in which this remote control feature is deactivated. The remote control feature was deliberately not implemented via SysEx since the required MIDI-Events are difficult or impossible to generate with a normal synthesizer/masterkeyboard, whereas it was our intention to allow the user to play the MAQ via a keyboard/synthesizer, much like any ordinary expander. However, the MAQ does not interpret PRG-Change and Note- events on channel 16 as an expander would. Instead, the MAQ's main parameters which can be viewed as events which make musical sense are controlled via PRG/Note. All remote-control functions use MIDI- channel 16. 1. Program-Change Remote-Control (MIDI-channel 16) Function MIDI-Instruction Hex Code Select Row 1 PRG-Change 1 CF00 Select Row 2 PRG-Change 2 CF01 Select Row 3 PRG-Change 3 CF02 Entire row activated PRG-Change 4 CF03 Entire row deactivated PRG-Change 5 CF04 All steps of a row activated individually PRG-Change 6 CF05 All steps of a row deactivated individually PRG-Change 7 CF06 FORWARD-Mode (FOr) PRG-Change 9 CF08 REVERSE-Mode (bAC) PRG-Change 10 CF09 PENDULUM-Mode (PEn) PRG-Change 11 CF0A RANDOM-Mode (rnd) PRG-Change 12 CF0B Step 1 ON PRG-Change 17 CF10 Step 2 ON PRG-Change 18 CF11 . . . . . . . . . Step 16 ON PRG-Change 32 CF1F Step 1 OFF PRG-Change 33 CF20 Step 2 OFF PRG-Change 34 CF21 . . . . . . . . . Step 16 OFF PRG-Change 48 CF2F First Step = 1 PRG-Change 49 CF30 First Step = 2 PRG-Change 50 CF31 . . . . . . . . . First Step = 16 PRG-Change 64 CF3F Last Step = 1 PRG-Change 65 CF40 Last Step = 2 PRG-Change 66 CF41 . . . . . . . . . Last Step = 16 PRG-Change 80 CF4F Event Controller 0 PRG-Change 81 CF50 Event Controller 1 PRG-Change 82 CF51 . . . . . . . . . Event Controller 31 PRG-Change 112 CF6F Event NA1 PRG-Change 113 CF70 Event NA2 PRG-Change 114 CF71 Event NA3 PRG-Change 115 CF72 Event NA4 PRG-Change 116 CF73 Event NA5 PRG-Change 117 CF74 Event Nr1 PRG-Change 118 CF75 Event Nr2 PRG-Change 119 CF76 Event Nr3 PRG-Change 120 CF77 Event Nr4 PRG-Change 121 CF78 Event Nr5 PRG-Change 122 CF79 Event PIt PRG-Change 123 CF7A Event PIP PRG-Change 124 CF7B Event PI- PRG-Change 125 CF7C Event Prg PRG-Change 126 CF7D Event Cn1 PRG-Change 127 CF7E Event AD1 PRG-Change 128 CF7F Remark: At first one of the three rows must be selected via PRG-Change 1...3, all subsequent instructions will then refer to that row. The difference between PRG- Change 4/5 and 6/7 is that PRG-Change 4/5 switches the row ON/OFF globally, whereas 6/7 switches each of the 16 steps ON/OFF individually (This is equivalent to 16 individually sent ON/OFF- instructions PRG-Change 17...48). If a step is switched OFF, Note-OFF-events continue to be sent if the row in question has been assigned to a Note-mode. Only the Note-OFF-events are suppressed. This arrangement was necessitated by programming considerations. 2. MUTE-Remote-Control via Note-Events (MIDI-Channel 16) Row 1, Step 1 Note 36 9F/8F24XX Row 1, Step 2 Note 37 9F/8F25XX . . . . . . . . . Row 1, Step 16 Note 51 9F/8F33XX Row 2, Step 1 Note 52 9F/8F34XX Row 2, Step 2 Note 53 9F/8F35XX . . . . . . . . . Row 2, Step 16 Note 67 9F/8F43XX Row 3, Step 1 Note 68 9F/8F44XX Row 3, Step 2 Note 69 9F/8F45XX . . . . . . . . . Row 3, Step 16 Note 83 9F/8F53XX Remark: Note-ON instructions switch a step ON, Note-OFF instructions switch a step OFF. This allows the ON/OFF-switching of sequencer steps by pressing the appropriate keys of a normal keyboard.